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lwa1This article is about a system. For the social science or theory of law, see Jurisprudence. For a document passed by legislature, see statutory law. For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). "Legal" and "Legal concept" redirect here. For other uses, see Legal (disambiguation). Lady Justice, a goddess symbolising justice who bears a sword – symbolising the coercive power of a tribunal –, scales – representing an objective standard by which competing claims are weighed – and a blindfold indicating that justice should be impartial and meted out objectively, without fear or favor and regardless of money, wealth, power or identity.[1] Law is a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior.[2] Laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations, or by judges through binding precedent, normally in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. A general distinction can be made between (a) civil law jurisdictions (including Catholic canon law and socialist law), in which the legislature or other central body codifies and consolidates their laws, and (b) common law systems, where judge-made precedent is accepted as binding law. Historically, religious laws played a significant role even in settling of secular matters, which is still the case in some religious communities, particularly Jewish, and some countries, particularly Islamic. Islamic Sharia law is the world's most widely used religious law.[3] The adjudication of the law is generally divided into two main areas referred to as (i) Criminal law and (ii) Civil law. Criminal law deals with conduct that is considered harmful to social order and in which the guilty party may be imprisoned or fined. Civil law (not to be confused with civil law jurisdictions above) deals with the resolution of lawsuits (disputes) between individuals or organizations.[4] Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis and sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, and justice. There is an old saying that 'all are equal before the law', although Jonathan Swift argued that 'Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through.' In 1894, the author Anatole France said sarcastically, "In its majestic equality, the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets, and steal loaves of bread."[5] Writing in 350 BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle declared, "The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual."[6] Mikhail Bakunin said: "All law has for its object to confirm and exalt into a system the exploitation of the workers by a ruling class".[7] Cicero said "more law, less justice".[8] Marxist doctrine asserts that law will not be required once the state has withered away.[9] Regardless of one's view of the law, it remains today a completely central institution. Contents [hide] 1 Definition 1.1 Mainstream definitions 1.2 Whether it is possible or desirable to define law 2 History 3 Legal theory 3.1 Philosophy 3.2 Positive law and non-positive law discussions 3.3 Economic analysis 3.4 Sociology 4 Legal systems 4.1 Civil law 4.2 Common law and equity 4.3 Religious law 4.3.1 Sharia law 5 Legal institutions 5.1 Judiciary 5.2 Legislature 5.3 Executive 5.4 Military and police 5.5 Bureaucracy 5.6 Legal profession 5.7 Civil society 6 Legal subjects 6.1 International law 6.2 Constitutional and administrative law 6.3 Criminal law 6.4 Contract law 6.5 Tort law 6.6 Property law 6.7 Equity and trusts 6.8 Further disciplines 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links

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silicone be gone

CAULK-BE-GONE
product

there are many silicone caulk remover with many brand  names as mineral spirits  or lacquer thinner.

lacquer thinner is mineral spirits, but in a less refined form. It contains other types of solvents, which makes it a lot smellier and more volatile.

How to remove old caulk and silicone

Use the utility knife to make straight lines on either side of the caulk bead, slightly under the edges.

 Apply the mineral spirits or lacquer thinner which are used as the caulk remover.

Wait adequate period to activate the caulk remover according to the product instruction.

Use the utility knife, putty knife to lift up the loosened caulk.

apply a bead of tub-and-tile caulk that contains a fungicide such as DAP Kwik Seal Plus or Red Devil EZ Caulk Tub and Tile Sealant.

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joint sealent

Caulk is a strong glue and a flexible sealant, it is necessary to seal a joint between dissimilar materials or a joint that has movement.

In the damp environment of a tub or shower, the caulk  prevents water to pass through joints and protects your home.

caulk is used in a tub or shower enclosure to keep water from creeping up,under or around the tiles at joints between tile and the tub or shower pan or on joints where walls meet, the spaces between the wall and windows

how to use silicone caulk as sealant

Cut off the tip of the caulk tube with a sharp knife at about a 45-degree angle. Cut very near the end to make a 1/8-in. diameter opening. Smooth and round the tip slightly with 100-grit sandpaper

Use Masking Tape for Perfect Caulk Joints

Squeeze the handle to start the flow of caulk. Release the pressure as soon as caulk appears at the tip.

Apply the caulk carefully in the joint line.

 Smooth the bead using light pressure with a wet fingertip.

clean off the excess caulk with a damp rag.

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fix the plastering cracks

               how to fix the hairline plastering cracks

hairline plastering crack

Most small cracks in drywall or plaster walls are caused by seasonal expansion and contraction

 of the wood framing in your house over time.

They’re often found at the corners of window and door frames, 

and can be fixed using spackling or joint compound.

use the screw driver to open up the crack.

clean up the cracks to remove the dust from the area by damp cloth or brush.

apply Self-Adhesive Fiberglass Mesh Tape on the the crack line.

fill the opened crack and the  cavities of the tape with a thin coat of drywall joint compound by a knife.

as the first layer is dried, apply the second layer of joint compound, but first scrape all execs left behind.

as the second layer is dried, we ready to apply the third layer of joint compound.

as the third layeri dried we get ready to scrape and sand it to get flush against the around.

prime the patch with the primer to receive the painting.

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hinges types

TYPES OF HINGES

A large variety of hinges are available from most hardware stores. The type bought depends on how it is to used and what it is to be fitted to. For example, when selecting a hinge for a jewellery box, a small brass butt hinge is likely to be used rather than a concealed hinge. Furthermore, brass hinges are more expensive than steel ones and they give a quality look to the completed product. Below are some of the more popular hinges that are available.

BUTT HINGE: Comes in a range of sizes from 13mm to 150mm and is normally used for cabinet doors. They are very strong but cannot be adjusted once they are fitted.

FLUSH HINGE: This type of hinge does not require a recess to be cut. They are not as strong as butt hinges but can be used for light-weight doors and small box construction.

BARREL HINGE: This comes in two parts. The threaded part of the hinge is screwed into a pre-drilled hole. They are easy to fit and the hinge can be dismantled.

CONCEALED HINGE: These normally come in two sizes (25mm and 36mm. The hinge is adjustable once fitted and is designed with chipboard and MDF in mind.

CONTINUOUS or PIANO HINGE: This is a hinge that comes in different lengths and can be bought in brass or steel. It is ideal where a long hinge is required such as a desk top or a cupboard door. Small countersink screws are normally used to fix it in position.

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pre-hung doors

How to install interior pre-hung doors

Installing pre-hung doors is the most popular method of hanging new doors or replacing old ones. All you have to do is install the unit into a rough opening. Follow these steps to install a pre-hung door in your home.

step 1

When ordering a pre-hung door, you will have the choice of a right- or left-hand swing, as well as having the manufacturer drill the holes in the door for the locksets. If the unit arrives with a brace to keep the door and frame aligned, leave the brace on until the door unit is plumbed, shimmed and secured into place.

step 2 :

Trim any excess drywall around the doorway to make sure the new door will hang plumb.

step 3

Check That Floor is Level

Mark for any shims that are needed under the level. 

step 4

Determine Location for Shims

Measure and mark against the jamb where any shims are needed. 

step 5

Cut Door

Cut the door to the appropriate length. 

step 6

Remove Packing Material

Remove the plug that comes on the pre-hung door, as well as the temporary trim on the bottom of the door. 

step 7

Attach Shim to Doorway

Tack one nail on a shim in the doorway to get started. 

step 8

Position Door

Place the door inside the opening. Position the door so it is plumb, and the door is able to swing open. 

step 9

Secure Jamb

Secure the jamb with nails along its length

step 10

Check and Adjust Door Opening

Use a straight edge to check the door opening, ensuring that it has room to open and close (Image 1).

With the door closed, place a shim by the bottom hinge to accommodate any adjustments (Image 2).

step 11

Check Top Gap Above Door

Also, check the door again to make sure it is level.

step 12

Nail Door in Place

Check the center shim and the gap to make sure the door is plumb. Nail the door in place, from the jambs through the shims.

step 13

Fill Nail Holes

Use a nail set to set the nails beneath the wood, creating a smooth finish. Fill the holes with spackle.

step 14

Open and Close Door

Check the door to make sure it opens and shuts properly.

step 15

Make Adjustments

Place a level on the vertical surface to check that the door is plumb.

If you need to adjust the door, try using a sledgehammer with a very gentle tap. 

.

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